The Legislation
G'd intended to give mankind rules or laws according to which they should live morally,
thus being able to exhibit essentially human behavior. Moses received those lines during the wanderings in the Sinai desert
after the Jewish people was liberated from slavery in Egypt by the Almighty.
Development
First, G'd makes a covenant with Noah, the progenitor of all men.
The rainbow symbolizes this covenant.
Then he makes a covenant with Abram.
Because Abram would become ancestor of many peoples, his name changes to Abraham.
That covenant is 'sealed' with the circumcision of all his male descendants.
They are the Israelites and the Islamites.
G'd expressly indicates that the covenant will continue through Isaac
and not through Isaac's brother Ishmael.
This covenant is confirmed several times.
Out of Isaac comes the Israelite people, the Jews.
From Ishmael come the Islamites, much later.
The purpose of the covenant
Repeatedly G'd makes it known, that His wish is to be the one and only G'd to the Israelites.
Broadly speaking, G'd outlines what His Covenant means.
If His people obey all His commands,
then they can count on the most wonderful blessings.
However, if the Jewish people wrong their Laws, then heavy punishments follow!
G'ds choise of the Jewish people implies further the following important task:
make known to the other nations His Laws or Commands.
That assignment seems simple but proves to be difficult in practice.
The question is whether the Jewish people are doing that well enough.
On the one hand, His Name is to be hailed and on the other hand, the rabbis have established that Jews are not allowed to pronounce His Name.
This is a result of one of the Ten Commandments: "Do not abuse His Name"/
In my opinion you do not misuse His Name if you honor the Almighty.
The Islamites are much more bold about this and some of them shoot on too violently, infringing the prohibition of killing.